László József Bureau or the Bureau Laszlo was born 29 September 1899, He is the inventor of the modern fountain pen. Production of the first pen is displayed on an international exhibition in Budapest, Hungary in 1931. Creation is patented in Paris in 1938. Bureau noted that the ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly and left no stain on the paper. Other difficulties when using the pen for correcting the manuscripts, written on thin paper as ink is widened, spilled or tear the paper because of a sharp blade of a pen. Together with his brother George, a chemist, he developed a new pen tip tersiri of a ball that could rotate freely in a hole.
When spinning, the ball will pick up ink from a cartridge, the ink flowing wet tiny ball in the capillaries and with the help of gravity. and then rolled in order to attach it on paper. Because of the small ball that's why the new pen called Ball Point Pen or commonly known as the pen / pens. This design was then patented in Argentina on June 10, 1943 and sold under the brand Birome, which still survive today. Initially, the use of stationery and ink pen ink is used separately. The pen used was originally made from goose feathers as commonly used in medieval Europe, reed stems of water used in the Middle East or even a brush that is used in China and Japan. The downside is that its use is often troublesome because the users or even spilled the ink spilled on paper.
Pen has an internal chamber that is loaded ink stick. Ink is distributed through the edges when used with penggelindingan a small ball (diameter about 0.7 mm to 1 mm) of metallic materials. Ink to dry immediately after touching the paper. Unlike the pen that uses liquid ink, pen ink is thick and sticky. This is why they can not easily leak into the tip so that the ball be covered. In the 1960s became known soft-tip pen we call markers. This new breakthrough, because the eye is made of porous plastic pen, ink sac also contains synthetic fiber. While it works like a sponge to store water.
Given the advantages of each type of pen so the idea arose to combine. The result is a rolling ball pen with a ball at the tip of the pen as the pen, but uses liquid ink stored safely in the bag as in pen or marker. When used, the tip of the pen would slide comfortably on a surface like a paper using a pen or marker. Bureau Laszlo died 24 November 1985 at the age of 86 years.
Developments Ballpoint / pen from time to time
Initially pen or fountain pen is one of the stationary current. Not easy to do to determine since when humans recognize the pen. There are allegations that the man who called the first time using a chisel (iron sharpening) are often used
for writing and drawing on stone or metal plates and is the first generation of pen. That said, it was not until 1000 BC occurred when the Chinese revolution stationery using hair brush as a writing tool. Brush the dried ink from soot or charcoal is its use as a watercolor.
Around 400 BC, "born" pens made from reeds rod to write on papyrus. Such type of pen can be found in Egypt and Armenia, are known as the Cairo and Alexanderia main market these items. Even now many people along the coast of the Persian Gulf who collect reeds rod for this purpose, while the marketing spread to most eastern states. Reportedly, the most suitable pen with ink and paper used there. Selected reeds usually a very small yet powerful trunked. Once cut, the weeds are kept specifically, for example, are stored under the pile of manure for several months. The result, in addition to changing the color of mixed black and yellow, the stem will be even harder with a smoother surface. Along with the development of quality paper, it requires a finer pen. Goose also be an option. If referring to the figures written St. Isodore of Sevile, a new quill appeared in the seventh century. Although many existing quill suspect earlier.
Once sorted according to length and thickness, wing feathers buried in hot sand to dry outer skin. This makes the process easy to clean and coat the inside puckered and peeling. Then amplified with a soft feather dipped into a boiling solution containing alum or nitric acid. In the final stage, the nib is shaped to cut and comfortable.
Goose quill memepunyai an important role at that time. Steel pen was found in 1820, and gradually took over the task of goose feathers. The form was different from that round, sharp, and chisel. Now we only use pens are produced from the factory, ready to use for any purpose.
In 1828, people began to recognize that steel pens were introduced John Mitchell of Birmingham UK. For approximately 7.5 liters of rice today. Unfortunately, when the people feel uncomfortable wearing it if every time the steel pen must be dipped in ink.
In 1884 came the marsupial ink pen with the principle of capillary tube, one of which is made by an American, Lewis Edson Waterman. Waterman pen is indeed creation has made its own revolution in the field of writing. Because humans no longer need to repeatedly dip the pen into the inkwell after writing a few words. Waterman has used gold iridium-clad plate in the eyes of the pen. He is also the person who first put pen clip on the cover.
The next pen is a pen models that rely on metal ball at the tip of a pen that will continue to submerged liquid ink from the ink sac. Then the pen comes close or mechanical key that prevents the ink dries on the tip. Various models and forms, many made at the time. However, the model is most satisfying is the work of Lazlo Biro. Pens once very popular in England, especially during World War II (1939-1940) who was then a lot of fighter pilots preferred because it does not leak when taken flight.
