William Shakespeare (born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, 26 April 1564 - died in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, 23 April 1616 at age 51 years) is a British writer who is often referred to as one Britain's biggest literary. He wrote about 38 plays of tragedy, comedy, history, and 154 sonatas, two narrative poems, and other poems. He wrote between the years 1585 and 1613 and his work has been translated in almost all languages in the world and performed live on stage more than any other playwright.
Life
Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, in April 1564, the son of John and Mary Arden Sekspeare. William's father is quite wealthy when he was born and has a glove-making business, but later he became a rather poor after illegally selling wool. Shakespeare did not follow his father's footsteps.
At that time, public schools started in the UK. Previously, almost all children do not know how to read and write, they just learn a skill or farming. Shakespeare went to one of these new public schools. He studied Latin, which is the language of all learned men, no matter from which country they came from. From London to Lisbon, from Alexandria to Constantinople, from Tunis to Jerusalem, all educated people spoke Latin and their mother tongue. All important documents, both documents state, church, or trade, written using the Latin.
Shakespeare also studied the works of author and philosopher of Ancient Greece and Rome. More than 100 years since Johannes Gutenberg introduced the printing press to Europe in 1452. Shakespeare and other English people who can read ─ and be able to buy the books to become familiar with the stories from various places such as Italy, France, Asia Minor, and North Africa. Some of these stories became the basis of Shakespeare's greatest stories. For example, The Golden Ass Apuleius's work, an ancient tale from North Africa, the possibility of a story that inspires dreams in the Middle Season. Shakespeare borrowed the story for Romeo and Juliet from another British writer, who got it from a French author, who translated it from the 16th century story by Luigi da Porta from Italy who swear that the story is based on a real story.
In the world of Shakespeare, there are arrangements which have been generally accepted. Almost everyone in England is Christian. On the bottom there is a hierarchy of workers, on top of the peasants and merchants, then the priests and the guards, then go up again the knights, landlords, archbishops, and the duke. The reigning monarch at the top of the social order. In England, the monarch is Queen Elizabeth I (who continued with his nephew, James I).
Elizabeth I ruled England for most of Shakespeare's life. In those days there was no war. Diplomacy of the queen make these two rivals France and Spain maintained balanced. Growing trade. London became a city crowded, noisy, and full of opportunities. The houses are built theater in London; the theaters are a popular place visited by people.
Class system in the days of Shakespeare may already have arrangements, but it is not static. People began to think about their own. Shakespeare lived in the Renaissance meaning "rebirth" that occurred in the 15th century until the 17th century in Europe.
European Renaissance revived classical learning. There is a movement of the era revival of interest in art, music, and architecture. An old and stagnant world suddenly became alive and vibrant. Although almost everyone believes that the composition of the sun, moon, stars and planets influence their fate, some people started to change their way of thinking about themselves and the world they live. They begin to understand the power and position of government created by man, is not determined by God from birth.
They realize that Christianity is not the only religion in the world. And because many of them began to read, so many do not want to live in social classes where they were born. Many adventurers Renaissance uses their own way to seek fortune and develop their lives. Shakespeare was one of those people.
In the early 1590an, William Shakepseare cemented himself as a playwright and actor in London. In addition, he also has a section of a play house where he and his friends play. That may be the source of his income. Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who is eight years older thereof, on 28 November 1582 at Temple Grafton, near Stratford. Anne was three months pregnant at the time. Together they have three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Wife and three children live in Stratford, and Shakespeare probably go visit them once a year. In 1596 Hamnet died. Because of the similarity name, many people think that this inspired him to write The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.
Shakespeare became the theater of a very famous, very popular, and very rich. Queen Elizabeth I really liked his work; as well as King James I, his successor. In the reign James I, Shakespeare and his friends known as "The people of King" because King James I were their special guests. People Shakespeare and the King play at the royal palace, at the Globe theater and drama in their homes, and the Blackfriars theater. To get more money, they also touring around the UK, especially in times of outbreaks of contagious diseases UK.
Elizabethan people do not view the player or playwright is a respectable job. Go to the theater of the era is not the same as going to the theater at this time, it was more like going to watch a football game!
Elizabethan theaters is a wooden building terraced. The audience sits on three sides, or stood in the middle of the floor. The middle of the roof open-air theater in those days because there is no artificial lighting. Thousands of people crammed into the theater for evening performances. The audience screamed behind the actors. Globe Theatre is the place crowded, noisy, and crowded-throng.
Tens of thousands of people who thronged to see a Shakespeare play would be able to hear the 1700 word coined by Shakespeare. Ciptannya many words that it is still used. For example: "deafening" (deafening), "hush", "hurry" (quickly), "downstairs" (below), "gloomy" (sad), "lonely" (alone), "embrace" (arms), " Dawn "(dusk). Shakespeare used the spelling is different from the era. Elizabethan people spell words as they are written, such as Latin and Indonesia. There is no way "right" to spell. People write a spelling word as they want. If you want to write "me" (me) but want to give emphasis on the word, the word will be written "mee". If the author wants the word is read like a shout from the rooftops, then the word will be written "Meee".
In the text of Shakespeare will be found the word "stayed" (live) spelled "stay'd", as Shakespeare would like to say the word as one syllable (read: 'steid') such as English spelling now, instead of two syllables (read: ' stei-ed '). Modern English uses a lot of writing from ancient times but using the new spelling. For example the word "knight" (warrior) used to be spelled the same as writing (read: 'k-ni-gh-t' 4 syllables). In the oral culture such as Shakespeare's time, people care about the details of intonation, tone, and noise caused by the time they spoke thus spoken language used in ancient times richer than today.
William Shakespeare wrote over twenty-five years, creating a thirty-six to thirty-nine works that are known to date. Topics covered range from romance comics until the civil war, from the domestic game to stir the world political scene. But three things that underlies all his work are the questions: What does it mean to live? How do we live? What should we do?
Shakespeare offers a deep understanding of these questions. That's why experts studying the works of literature, quoting politicians, philosopher-philosopher finds a new way of thinking of reading and rereading his work. Studying Shakespeare is like studying life from different points of view: psychological, political, philosophical, social, spiritual. The rhythm he used in his words reflected in the rhythm of our body. Shakespeare plays on stage makes one realize how deep a person must inhale so that his voice could be heard until the end of the room.
Shakespeare stopped writing in 1611 and died a few years later in 1616. Until his death he was still married to Anne. On his tombstone reads: "Blest be the man WHO cast these stones, and cursed be he That moves my bones." : he who put these stones, and cursed is he that moves my bones.")
Writing
Shakespeare wrote about the human condition is very human. He understands what most people desire: to love others, and loved by others; eat, drink, and sleep in peace; to live in a world that is larger and has a meaning in life. Shakespeare also understand that human beings have weaknesses that are sometimes far from their plans are honorable (or dishonorable). Shakespeare was a genius who shows us our true self.
