Cuban President Fidel Castro is the longest reign. He seized power in 1959 and established a communist state and the adherents of Marxist ideology. It is also known as block leaders and nongovernmental organizations while maintaining the communist ideology although many communist countries collapsed.
Castro is the son of a sugar farmer immigrants from Spain. He joined the Cuban People's Party in 1947. In education he obtained a degree in law from the University of Havana in 1950. Castro led the underground organization at a time when Cuba led by Fulgencio Batista y Zaldiar. He sparked the revolution movement in Santiago in 1953 so that prisoners captured and entered. After his release in 1955, Castro was exiled to Mexico and the U.S.. He returned to Cuba in 1956 along with 82 other prisoners. 70 people killed when his colleagues landed in Cuba. And two brother Raoul Castro and Che Guevara, including 12 others survived. He continued to launch the rebellion known as the July 26 movement. Cubans support him so successful rebellion. December 1958 Cubans marched in Havana when he proclaimed the Cuban Revolution. He later served as President of the Council of State and Council of Ministers.
Castro then establish economic relations with the Soviet Union and armaments cooperation with the U.S. because the invitation is rejected. He was later nationalized Cuban resources, collectively form a government, and establish one-party socialist state, imprisoning political opponents and those who considered capitalists to prison. Americans angry that Castro nationalized all American companies in Cuba. In 1961 American soldiers supporting the coup attempt against Castro, but failed.
Castro actually grow into a more genuine Marxism as well as strong positions openly allied with the Soviet Union. In 1962 the world's most experienced nuclear war after the Soviet Union put nuclear warheads in Cuba and directed to the United States. Security threats the world is finally resolved through tough negotiations between President John F. Kennedy by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.
Castro's increasingly authoritative after being appointed as chairman of the non-block movement by developing countries at the end of 1980. In 1993 Castro looks to change the pattern of the Cuban economy through limited economic reforms that legalize some private companies. He continued these reforms until 1995 while still keeping close ties with communist countries like China that are still remaining. Cuba-US relations had worsened after Cuban fighter planes shot two U.S. civilian aircraft in flight KBA-month lease in February 1996. In January 1998 Castro received the visit of Pope John Paul II and a few leaders who are critical of America countries such as Iran and Malaysia.
