Garry Kasparov

Garry Kasparov (born 13 April 1963, age 48 years) is a chess grandmaster in the world and probably the most powerful man in playing chess. It has the highest ELO rating in the 2804 after it was reached 2851 in 1991. He announced his retirement from the world of chess on March 10, 2005.


Early life and career as a chess player

Garry Kasparov

Garry Kasparov was born with the name Gari Weinstein in Baku, Azerbaijan to Armenian parents-Jewish descent. She began seriously studying chess at an early age. At age 12, his father died, and since then he started using his mother's family name. His mother, Klara is an Armenian woman with the surname Kasparian, who in the Russian dialect referred to as the "Kasparov".


Garry Kasparov became world famous as the title of the chess world's youngest grandmaster in his time. His debut began in 1984 when challenging world champion Anatoly Karpov was the most controversial chess match in history. When you start to play, Kasparov had fallen behind 5-0 in a tournament where the winner is first reached number 6 was crowned as champion. In the game of chess, a victory given the value 1 while the series or not getting mussels and lose value.
In 1984 the World Chess game to be interesting, because even fell behind, Kasparov Karpov managed to close after passing seventeen times mussels. The next few games, Kasparov won three games so that the position to be 5-3 for excellence while at the Karpov. The next match was stopped by the current chairman of the FIDE, Florencio Campomanes stamina for reasons both players have been greatly decreased. Karpov himself had to be admitted to the hospital. The game followed a few months later.

World Champion



World Championship 1984: Anatoly Karpov (right) vs Kasparov.
In the second round match between Karpov-Kasparov in 1985, imposed a new standard win which the player who first reaches 5.12 or more in 24 games will be declared the winner. When the game ended with a 12-12 draw the world title will be retained by Karpov as champion. Kasparov won the second round by beating Karpov, and then crowned as the youngest world chess champion at age 22. Record for the youngest chess champion Mikhail Tal previously held by the time he beat Bothvinnik in 1960.
Having bagged the title of World Champion, Kasparov subsequently fell out with FIDE. He founded a union organization with the name of the world chess grandmaster's Association (GMA), which represents the voice of the chess players in the FIDE activities.


Fired from FIDE and political career

Kasparov to FIDE last issue until 1993, where a new challenger has been prepared by FIDE to Kasparov World Championship next encounter. Events is difficult, because both Kasparov and Nigel Short as a champion and challenger, agreed to hold their pertandiangan outside FIDE, the chess organization under the auspices of the newly founded Professional Chess Association named Kasparov (PCA). As a result, both Kasparov and Short were excluded from membership of FIDE. The match between Kasparov and Nigel Short that took place in London, won by Kasparov.




Instead of Kasparov and Short, held the final of the FIDE "World Championship", held between January Timman and previous world champion, Karpov. This game was won by Karpov. As a result, at that time there were two world champions, which is under the organization PCA Kasparov and Karpov in the FIDE organization.
In 1995, Kasparov retained his world title by defeating India's chess champion, Viswanathan Anand.


After retiring in 2005, Kasparov went into politics and founded the United Civil Front, a social movement that aims to prevent Russia from returning to totalitarianism.


Chess against the computer

Kasparov had played against the computer several times, in 1996 and 1997. In 1996, Kasparov defeated Deep Blue computer with a 4-2 result, but in the next match in 1997, Deep Blue defeated Kasparov has been updated with a value of 3.5 to 2.5.
In January 2003 Kasparov to a match with a system of six rounds against the Deep Junior computer with a gift of $ 1 million.
The game is called the game "Man vs. Machine". Deep Junior is able to calculate the step up to three million positions per second. After playing with 3 draws and 1 win. Kasparov offered a draw request to the engine that was accepted by DeepJunior DeepJunior team. When asked why Kasparov offered a draw, Kasparov said that he made a mistake in the game.
On November 2003, Kasparov also played with the program X3D Fritz using the virtual board, 3D glasses and a voice recognition system. Kasparov gained a prize of $ 175,000 after successfully winning the match with the results of 2 wins, 1 defeat and 2 draws.