Ki Hajar Dewantara

Ki Hajar Dewantara Born in Yogyakarta on May 2, 1889.
Born with the name Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat. He is originally from Yogyakarta royal family environment. Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat, when even 40-year-old in a matter of Caka, renamed the Ki Hajar Dewantara. Since then, he no longer uses his name in front of a knighthood. This meant that he could freely close to the people, both physically and heart.

His life is really characterized the struggle and dedication to the interests of his nation. He finished his elementary school in the ELS (Elementary School Holland) then had continued to STOVIA (Bumiputera medical school), but not until the end because of illness. Later he worked as a journalist at several newspapers, among others Sedyotomo, Midden Java, De Express, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer and Poesara. At the time, he was considered a reliable writer. His writings are very communicative, sharp and so able to evoke the spirit of patriotic anticolonial its readers.


In addition to ductile as a young journalist, he is also active in social and political organization. In 1908, he was active in the propaganda section Boedi Oetomo to socialize and arouse public awareness of Indonesia at that time about the importance of unity and unity in the state and nation.


Then, with Douwes Dekker (Dr. Danudirdja Setyabudhi) and dr. Cipto Mangoenkoesoemo, he founded the Indische Partij (the first political party wing nationalism Indonesia) on December 25, 1912 which aims to achieve Indonesia's independence.


They are trying to register the organization is to obtain legal status in the Dutch colonial government. But the Dutch government through the Governor-General Idenburg try to block the party's presence is to refuse the registration on March 11, 1913. Refusal reason is because this organization is considered to evoke a sense of nationalism and unity to move against the Dutch colonial government.

Then, after the rejection of the status of legal entity registration Indische Partij he helped form the Committee Bumipoetra in November 1913. The committee as well as rival committee of One Hundred Years of Independence Celebration Committee of the Dutch Nation. Boemipoetra committee's critique of the Dutch government intends to celebrate one hundred years of free Holland from French colonial rule by the people to withdraw money from the colonies to finance the celebration party.

In connection with the plan the celebration, he was criticized by a paper entitled: Was Nederlander Eens Als Ik (If I'm A Netherlands) and Een voor Allen Allen maar voor Ook Een (One for All, All for One, but also). If I'm writing published in a Dutch newspaper de Expres's dr. Douwes Dekker, among others, reads:

"If I were a Dutchman, I'm not going to organize parties in the country's independence which we ourselves have taken away their independence. Parallel to such logic, is not only unfair, but it also does not deserve to be told the inlander making a donation to fund the celebration.

Mind to organize a celebration in itself is insulting them and now we are scratching their pockets. Come forward and spiritual humiliation of it! If I'm a Dutchman. What offends me and my friends countrymen in particular is the fact that people are required to participate inlander sugar daddy a job that he himself had no interest at all ".

As a result of his essay, the Dutch government through the Governor-General Idenburg sentenced without trial, a sentence internering (waste law) is a punishment by pointing


a residence is allowed for a person to reside. He was sentenced to dispose of the island of Bangka.

Douwes Dekker and Cipto Mangoenkoesoemo compatriots feel unfairly treated. They also publish a defense pitched Soewardi. But the Dutch think of writing it and inciting people to revolt against the colonial GOI. As a result, they also suspended internering. Douwes Dekker Cipto disposed in Kupang and banished to the island of Banda Mangoenkoesoemo.

But they want banished to the Netherlands because there they can learn to do many things from the remote areas. Eventually they were allowed into the Netherlands since August 1913 as part of the execution.

The opportunity was used to explore the issues of education and teaching, so that Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat managed to obtain a Certificate Europeesche.
Then he returned to his homeland in 1918. In the homeland he devotes attention on education as part of the means of struggle for independence.

After returning from exile, with his comrades, he also founded a college of national patterned, Nationaal Instituut Onderwijs Tamansiswa (Tamansiswa National University) on July 3, 1922. College education is highly emphasized a sense of nationhood to students that they love the nation and homeland and fight for independence.

Not a few hurdles faced in fostering Student Park. The Dutch colonial government in his way with Wild School Ordinance issued on October 1, 1932. But with the tenacity to fight for their rights, so the ordinance was later repealed.

In the midst of seriousness in the world's attention in Tamansiswa education, he also remains diligent in writing. But the theme of his writings turned from political overtones to the national vision of education and culture. Hundreds of pieces of writing. Through the writings that he had laid the foundations of national education for the nation of Indonesia.

Meanwhile, in the days of Japanese occupation, activity in the field of politics and education continues. The Japanese government established the Central People's Power (the Son) in 1943, Ki Hajar sat as one of the leaders in addition to Ir. Sukarno, Drs. Muhammad Hatta and K.H. Mas Mansur.

After the time kemedekaan, Ki beat Dewantara served as Minister of Education, the first Preaching and Culture. Ki Hajar Dewantara name is not only enshrined as a hero figure and education (National Education father) who was born on May 2 used as a day of National Education, but also designated as a Hero of the National Movement through Presidential Decree 305 of 1959, dated 28 November 1959 . Other awards he received the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Gajah Mada University in 1957.

Two years after obtaining the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa, he died on April 28, 1959 in Yogyakarta and is buried there.

Then by the successor to the college Student Park, founded Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum, London, to preserve the values ​​of Ki Hajar Dewantara fighting spirit. In this museum there are objects or works of the founder of Ki Hajar Tamansiswa and its action in the life of the nation. Museum collections in the form of paper or a concept and important treatises and correspondence of data during the lifetime of Ki Hajar as a journalist, educator, humanist and as an artist has been recorded on microfilm and laminated for the help the National Archives.

This nation needs to inherit the fruit of his thinking about the purpose of education is to promote the nation as a whole without distinction of religion, ethnicity, race, culture, customs, habits, economic status, social status, etc., and must be based on the values ​​of human freedom.

Day of birth, is celebrated as National Education Day. Tut famous teachings is wuri handayani (behind giving a boost), middle Mangun ing initiative (in the middle of creating opportunities for the initiative), ngarsa sungtulada ing (in front of an example).