Salahuddin Ayyubi or Saladin or Salah ad-Din (Arabic: صلاح الدين الأيوبي, Kurdish: صلاح الدین ایوبی) (Sho-lah-huud-din al-ay-yu-bi) (c. 1138-4 Maret 1193) is a generals and Kurdish Muslim warrior from Tikrit (Iraq's northern region at this time). He founded Ayyubiyyah Dynasty in Egypt, Syria, part of Yemen, Iraq, Mecca Hejaz and Diyar Bakr. Salahuddin world famous Muslim and Christian because of leadership, military forces, and its knights and forgiving when he fought against the crusaders. Sultan Salahuddin Al Ayyubi also is a scholar. He gave a footnote and a variety of explanations in the book of Hadith of Abu Dawud.

Background

Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi derived from the Kurds. His father and uncle Asaduddin Najm al-Din Ayyub Shirkuh hijra (migration) to leave his home near Lake Fan and moved into the area of ​​Tikrit (Iraq). Saladin was born in the fortress of Tikrit, Iraq in 532 AD H/1137, when his father became ruler of the Seljuks in Tikrit. At that time, both father and uncle serve Imaduddin Zanky, Seljuk governor for the city Mousul, Iraq. When Imad won Balbek region, Lebanon in 534 H/1139 M, Najm al-Din Ayyub (Saladin's father) was appointed governor and a close aide Balbek King of Syria Nuruddin Mahmud. During the Balbek this, Saladin fill his youth to his technique of war, strategy, and politics. After that, Saladin continued his studies in Damascus to study the Sunni theology for ten years, in the court of Nur ad-Din. In 1169, Shalahudin appointed a vizier (counselor).

There, he inherited a difficult role defend Egypt against invasion from the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem under the leadership of Amalrik I. The position he initially tense. No one thought he could survive long in Egypt, which at that time undergone many changes of government in recent years because of a long lineage of children caliph get resistance from his vizier. As the leader of the Syrian foreign soldiers, he also does not have control of the Shia Soldiers Egypt, led by an unknown person or a weak Caliph named Al-Adid. When the caliph died in September 1171, Saladin received an announcement by the name of Imam al-Mustadi, the Sunnis, and most importantly, the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, when a ceremony before Friday prayers, and strength to easily dismiss the authority of a long lineage. Now Saladin ruled Egypt, but officially acts as the representative of Nur al-Din, in accordance with the customs of the Abbasid Caliph know. Saladin revitalized the economy of Egypt, re-organizing the military force, and following his father's advice, to avoid any conflicts with Nur ad-Din, the official master, after he became leader of the Egyptian original. He waited until the death of Nur al-Din before the start of some serious military actions: first against smaller Muslim area, and then directing them against the soldiers of the cross.


With the death of Nur al-Din (1174) he received the title of Sultan of Egypt. There he proclaimed the independence of the Seljuks, and he proved to be the inventor of the Ayyubid dynasty and restoring Sunni teachings to Egypt. She widened her territory to the west of the Maghreb, and when the uncle he went to the Nile to reconcile some of the uprising of the former Fatimid supporters, he then went to the Red Sea to conquer Yemen. He also called Waliullah which means friend of God for Sunni Muslims.
Aun 559-564 AH / 1164-1168 AD Since then Asaduddin, his uncle was appointed Prime Minister Fathimiyah Caliphate. After pamnnya died, title to the Prime Minister entrusted Caliph Salahuddin al-Ayyubi.
Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi Crusaders managed to break the attack and Byzantine Roman troops who launched a second Crusade against Egypt. Nur al-Din Sultan Salahuddin ordered to take power from the hands Fathimiyah and restore the Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad began the year 567 AD H/1171 (September). After the Caliph al-'Adid, Fathimiyah last caliph died the power entirely in the hands of Saladin Al-Ayyubi.
Sultan Nuruddin H/1174 died in 659 AD, Damascus handed over to his son young Sultan Ismail Salih was accompanied by a guardian. Trustee under a power struggle going on between the sons of Nur al-Din and Nurruddin territory becomes fragmented. Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi went to Damascus to clean up the situation, but he gets resistance from followers of Nur al-Din who does not want unity. Finally Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi against him and declared himself king of Egypt and Sham for the region in the year 571 AD H/1176 and successfully expand its territory to Mousul, northern Iraq.

Rise to power

At a later day Saladin became vizier in 1169, and accepted the difficult task of maintaining Egypt attacks Latin King of Jerusalem, especially Amalric I. Position is quite difficult at first, few people who thought he would be old enough to remember earlier in Egypt has been a change of change of power in recent years due to clashes that occurred between the children Caliph to the position of vizier. As the leader of the Syrian foreign troops, he also has no power over the Egyptian Shiite forces that are still under the weak Caliph, Al-Adid.