Roald Dahl (born in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales, UK, 13 September 1916 - died in Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England, 23 November 1990 at age 74 years) is a renowned author of Norwegian descent who was born in Wales, UK. Besides writing, Roald Dahl was also a natural athlete, accomplished British Royal Air Force pilot (RAF) during World War II, and a talented photographer.
His writings are well-known form of the novel and short stories (for children and adults), he also wrote the screenplay.
Among his most famous work is the magical Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (Charlie and the Chocolate Factory), James and the Giant Peach, Matilda, The Witches (The Witches), Big Friendly Giant (The BFG).
Childhood
Roald Dahl was born in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales on 13 September 1916. His father, Harald Dahl, was a Norwegian man who came from Sarpsborg, a small town near Oslo, and his mother Sofie Magdalene Dahl née Hesselberg was the second wife of Harald Dahl. His first wife, Marie, died when a second child.
Roald name is taken from the north polar explorer Roald Amundsen, a national hero in Norway at that time. In his Norwegian Roald used to converse with the father-mother and his brothers. Roald has four siblings and two half brothers from his father's first marriage.
In 1918, when Roald was 2 years old, Dahl and growing family moved to a bigger house on the edge of the village of Radyr in the west of Cardiff. In this house stretches of agricultural land, farms, forests, and workers cottages.
Roald Dahl and his older sister also baptized in the Church for the sailors in Cardiff, in the same place where his father and mother prayed regularly.
In 1920 when Roald was 3 years old, his sister Asti 7-year-old died of appendicitis. A month later his father, Harald Dahl, affected by pneumonia, burdened with prolonged sadness over the death of his beloved daughter. Harald did not have a passion for life and continue to fight against his illness, he died at the age of 57 years.
Death husband and first child, Sofie are now (or often called by Mama Radyr Roald Dahl-call to his mother) who are pregnant have to feed four children and another one that still contains. Live as people of Norway, alone, in a foreign country and their five children is actually a tough choice, but Sofie refused to return to Norway and lived with his relatives there. This is because her late husband's wish that his children could attend school in England, which is known to have schools with the best education in the world at that time.
Education
Llandaff Cathedral School, 1923-1925
Roald started school at the Cathedral School Llandaff (Llandaff Cathedral School). In 1923 when Roald was 8 years old, he and four friends were put to use the whip hard rattan sticks, by their principal for putting a dead rat into the candy jar that contained in the local candy store in the area. This candy store owner is "evil and annoying old lady" named Ny. Pratchett (wife of blacksmith David Pratchett). Five of these events by their so-called "Plan Greatest Mouse 1923"
St.Peter, 1925-1929
After this beating incident, Roald by his mother sent away to boarding school St. Peter (age 9-13) in Weston-super-Mare. His parents wanted Roald to be educated in public schools in the UK, and in consideration of the transport ships that operate regularly connecting the Bristol Channel, St Peter's school of choice that is closest.
The days of school in St. Peter was a time that is not fun for Roald, he misses his home and wrote a letter to his mother every week, but in his letters he never expressed his sadness. In fact he never pretended to be sick of the appendix was sent home. When his mother died, Roald just know that every strand of his letters kept by his mother in a scroll tied with green ribbon. The letters are stored is then a collection of Roald Dahl documentation ranging from his childhood until he became a RAF pilot. The stories contained in this letter then covered in his autobiography, Boy: The Story of Small (Boy name, was taken because in each of his letters to his mother he always signed with a Boy).
Roald and his family spent their vacations at summer school in Norway, the country of origin of their parents. In those days a trip by boat takes four days to reach Oslo, the capital of Norway (then still called Christiania).
By the time he goes to St.. Peter, Cadbury, a chocolate company, sometimes lied to send a new kind of chocolate boxes to school before being released to the market, to be tested by the students there. Roald really enjoyed this, in his book Boy: Stories of childhood, he remembered that he wrote a comment pride when attempting any kind of Cadbury chocolate:
"Too subtle for the wall of the palate of ordinary people"
Roald himself often dreamed of creating a type of chocolate that will win praise directly from Ny. Cadbury. This experience became the inspiration later in life when he wrote three children's books, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Magic.
Repton, Midlands
After graduating from St. Peter Roald went to Repton (age 13-20), in his book Boy, he chose because it's easier spelled Repton.
Roald Dahl when I was 17 years old
In his autobiography Boy: The Story of Childhood at Repton he had a tough time with the Boazer (senior) as the beating using a thin whip, WC warm in the winter, and hard labor senior clean room.
Roald grew up with a physically higher than the average child his age. In the adult height reached 1.98 m, and has a good ability on the sports field, he was made Captain Fives, a game that competed with the group without physical contact, relying on eye speed, and flexibility of the foot, similar to a small squash where the ball bounce around the field. He also captained the team Squash, and joined the football team. This helped the popularity of Roald, because he refused to Boazer, a senior student position for the ruler who gave the right to flog and punish the junior students (the so-called phage), so he is not liked by the other Boazer.
He is also interested in photography and won prizes and medals from the Royal Photographic Society photography associations, as well as his own photo exhibition ever held here at school. Photography career continues to develop as he emenangkan bronze medal from the Community of Photographers Egypt (Egyptian Photographic Society) to the Dome of Ctesiphon in Iraq photo he took of the Hawker Hart aircraft when he joined the RAF.
After school
After completing his education, and accepted to work at Shell, he decided to climb through Newfoundland with a "Society for Schools adventure land" (now known as BSES Expeditions) and lasted for three weeks. This ascent forge to keep yourself in a wild environment, the training he needs to survive and then when he worked for Shell in a foreign country is sparsely populated.
In July 1934 he joined the Shell Oil Company. After training for two years in England, he was transferred to Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika (now called Tanzania). Roald working there with two other Shell employees, living in a mansion outside of Dar-es-Salaam are provided by the company, complete with a cook and personal servants. When do the job, ie satisfy customer demand for oil, he met a black mamba snake (most deadly snakes to be all over the world), tigers and other wild animals.
World War II
In August 1939, at the time the symptoms of World War II it became clear to happen, made plans to collect hundreds of German and held in Dar-es-Salaam. Roald was named an officer for the King's African Rifles, and commanded a platoon askaris. Roald actually not too happy when he had to hold hundreds of Germans, but he completed the order given.
Joining the RAF
Not long afterwards, in November 1939, Roald Dahl joined the Royal Air Force (Royal Air Force, abbreviated to RAF). After traveling overland by car as far as 600 miles from Dar-es-Salaam to Nairobi, he was accepted for pilot training with 20 other young men, 17 of whom died later in the aerial battles. With experience of over 7 hours 40 minutes on the de Havilland Tiger Moth he flew solo; Roald wild in Kenya enjoy the scenery on every flight, its flight. Roald then went on additional flying training at RAF Habbaniya in Iraq, located 50 miles west of Baghdad seelah. After six months training on Hawker Harts, Roald then made Pilot Airmen.
He then was assigned to RAF Skuardon no. 80 and flew the Gloster Gladiator, double-winged aircraft old and was not airworthy is still used by the RAF. Roald was surprised to realize that he will not get special training to fight in the air or how to fly a plane Gladiators.
Accidents in Libya
On 19 September 1940, Roald was ordered to fly from Abu Suier Gladiatornya in Egypt, to Amiriya to refuel, and continue to Fouka in Libya for a second filling. From there he had to fly 30 miles into the air base west Skuardon 80 in Mersa Matruh. On the last track he could not find a temporary air base fuel is running low. Day wore forced to make an emergency landing in the desert. Unfortunately, the bottom of his boat hit a rock and the plane crashed. This resulted in tengorak head cracked, broken nose, and eyes become blind. Roald managed to drag himself out of the burning fuselage and fainting. This accident became the first writings published later in 1942. In a subsequent investigation conducted by the RAF revealed that the location designated by Roald totally wrong, and he had been sent by mistake to the no man's land between the Allies and the Italian troops.
Roald rescued and taken to the Post P3K residing in Mersa Matruh where he later became aware, but his eyesight did not return, he was taken to the Royal Naval Hospital (Royal Navy Hospital) located in Alexandria by train. During treated there he fell in love with his nurse, Mary Welland. Because they can not see, Roald fell in love with his voice, but when his sight back - he decided that he would not renew his love.
According to the doctors who examined him, he could not fly anymore. But in the month of February 1941, five months after he first time he set foot in the hospital, he was considered healthy and sekeluarnya it from the hospital, he immediately following the exam airworthy for return to duty and pass.
At this time Skuardon 80 has been moved to Greece to campaign and based on Elevis, an area near Athens. This Skuardon also been equipped with Hawker Hurricane airplanes.
On April 1941, after trying the aircraft Hawker Hurricane and just pocket the seven hours of experience flying the plane ride, Roald flew across the Mediterranean sea. At that time the RAF had only 18 fighter: Hurricane 14 aircraft and four Bristol Blenheim light bombers.
Dogfight
Roald had his first aerial combat on 15 April when he was flying alone in the city of Chalcis. He was interrupted six Junkers Ju-88 aircraft that were dropping bombs and destroy the ships. Roald managed to shoot down one. On 16 April in another air battle, he shot down another Ju-88 aircraft.
On 20 April Roald took part in the "Battle of Athens", and coupled with the best pilots (Ace) of the Commonwealth of Britain in World War II, among them Pat Pattle and David Coke, his best friend. At the battle of the hurricane was shot down five planes and four pilots died, including Pat Pattle.
Due to the further control of the German troops of Athens, Roald evacuated to Egypt. Skuardonnya be reassembled in Haifa. From here, Dahl flew missions every day to run for four weeks without stopping. During the mission was shot down by Roald Potez 63 on June 8th and Ju-88 on June 15, but he started getting a headache that causes unconsciousness. He returned to his house in England because of his inability to continue the task. At the time of discharge his rank was Captain Air.
Deputy Air Attache in the U.S.
Roald began writing in 1942 after he was reassigned to Washington as Deputy Air Attache. The first writings on August 1, 1942 edition of the newspaper published on Saturday afternoon (Saturday Evening Post) entitled "Above the Fall Shot Libya", the article tells about the accident when the plane crashed Gladiatornya Gloster. This article started when C.S. Forester, American author, Roald asked to write some jokes from RAF flight so he could develop it into a story. However, when Roald submit article manuscripts, Forester decided to publish the text exactly as the original. It was originally the title of the article is "Easy One" - but the title was changed for the purpose of dramatic effect, when in fact Roald never "shot" while falling in Libya.
At the time of war, Forester worked for British Information Services (British Information Service) and write propaganda "associate", written for the consumption of the American people. Work that bears will introduce Roald spy activity and the William Stephenson, a clever spy from Canada who is known by the pseudonym "Intrepid".
During the war, Roald supplying intelligence information from Washington to Stephenson and his organization, then known as British Security Coordination (British Security Coordination). Roald then sent back to England, for alleged inappropriate behavior by British Embassy officials: "I was kicked by 'the people'," he said. Stephenson then sent him back to Washington - as well as raise his post. After the war Roald wrote most of the history of the secret organization, Stephenson and Roald remained good friends in later years after the war.
Dahl finished her career as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Air Force war. Achievement and kemenagannya in five air combat has been confirmed by the post-war research and cross-references in Axis records.
Personal life
Marriage
In 1953 Roald Patricial married to Neal, an American Academy Award-winning artist. They had five children: Olivia, Tessa, Theo, Ophelia, and Lucy.
In 1965 while pregnant with their fifth, Lucy, Patricia Neal suffered from cerebral aneurysm, three broken blood vessels. Roald full responsibility and care for her when Patricia took the rehabilitation and learning to speak and walk again.
In 1983 Roald and Patricia finally divorced following a number of discrepancies in their household. Roald later married Felicity ("Liccy") d'AREU Crosland (born December 12, 1938), also known as a friend of Patricia Neal. Their marriage lasted until his death.
Child
Olivia, his eldest son, died at the age of 7 years because of smallpox.
Theo Dahl at 4 months old baby was seriously injured when a train hit by a taxi in New York City. For some time he was suffering from hydrocephalus. Roald Dahl was involved in recovery efforts and develop a tool that was later named "Wade-Dahl-Till" (or WDT), this means a valve that helps people with the condition.
Ophelia Dahl is director and co-founder of Partners in Health (Partners in Health), together with physician Paul Farmer, a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing health care for people living in the poorest areas in the world.
Tessa Dahl has a daughter, Sophie, who later became the inspiration for the main character in the book the story of his grandfather, Roald Dahl, The BFG. Sophie Dahl himself later became a model and pengarang.Lucy Dahl worked as a screenwriter in Los Angeles.
Attitude towards Israel
Antisemitism
Many Roald Dahl's work boycott on Israel and many other places that are considered anti-Semitic because of his attitude.
In the summer in 1983, Roald wrote for the Literary Review (Literature Review) about a book called God Cried (God Crying) by Newsweek writer Tony Clifton, a polemical book which describes the occupation of Lebanon by Israel.
Roald review stated that the Israeli invasion to Lebanon in June 1982 was the beginning of "when we start to hate Israel," and the book will make readers become "Hard Line Anti-Israel". According to biographer Jeremy Treglown, in fact in the original writings Roald wrote, "when we begin to hate the Jews" - but his editor, Gillian Greenwood of the Literary Review changed the phrase "the Jews" and "Jews" to "Israel" and "person- the children of Israel ".
It is then discussed in the media and Roald then states that, "I am not anti-Semitism. I am anti-Israel."
Roald assume that his attitude is what makes it fail to get a knighthood (knighted), whereas it became his ambition. Then, according to a leaked government archives in 2003, Roald recorded declined OBE award in 1986, allegedly said his refusal was because he or she get the disappointment over the failure he was knighted.
According to the author-biographer, when asked by reporters about her contained in a book review in the Review, he stated that, "There is hostility aimed at the character owned by Jews ... I mean there is always a reason why associations anti-anything appears on the face of the earth; even an asshole like Hitlerpun not without reason in his attitude toward the Jews "
However, according to Treglown, biographer, Roald was not without Jewish friends, he remained friends with a few Jews who he likes.
In the ensuing years, Roald sometimes try to relieve some of the charges of anti-Semitic attitude of his unsympathetic with the writings of German-Jewish refugees in his book Going Solo (Solo trip), and his writings stated that he opposes the injustice that own, not Jewish. Sodium absorption ratio He never backed away a bit from its stance against Israel.
However, not long before his death, in 1990 the berbunyai perndapatnya, "I am definitely anti-Israel and then I became anti-Semitism", published in The Independent, a newspaper in the UK.
Death and memories
Roald Dahl died on 23 November 1990 at the age of 74 years. Death was due to myelodysplastic anemia, a rare blood disorder. He died at his home, Gypsy House, in Great Missenden, Buckinghashire, England, and was buried in the cemetery at the parish church St Peter and St Paul. According to his grandson, his family memakamannya the ceremony "Viking funeral". He was buried along with bilyardnya sticks, some of the best drinks burgundy, chocolate sticks, HB pencils and an electric saw. To remember him, Gallery Roald Dahl Children's Museum opened at Buckinghamshire County near Aylesbury.
In 2002, one of the modern-known sites in Cardiff, was named again to "Roald Dahl Plass". "Plass" means Plaza in Norwegian, an acknowledgment in the blood of Norway in the late famous writer. Society has also requested for the establishment of a permanent statue of Roald Dahl in this city.
Since his death, humanity committed by Roald Dahl at the start in the field of nurologi, hematology and literature continued by his widow by Roald Dahl Foundation. In June 2005, the Museum and Roald Dahl Story Centre opened in Great Messenden to celebrate and preserve the works of Roald Dahl in the field of literature.
His works
Roald Dahl's writing career began when he was inspired by his meeting with CS Forester. Roald first article, the "Shot Fall on Libya" (now published in the title of "Easy One"), a story about his experiences during the war and was bought by the Saturday Evening Post (Daily Saturday Evening) in exchange for U.S. $ 900, has published his name as a writer. The title of this article was inspired by a sensational article about the plane crash that resulted in his blind for a while, the article mentions that he was shot down over Libya, when in fact he was only forced to land due to run out of gas due to the assignment flying the wrong route.
