Jawaharlal Nehru is known as one of the best statesmen of the 20th century., Has a fairly extensive international connections, including the President Soekarno. Nehru was a formidable challenger to western imperialism. Leaders of non bloc countries is India's freedom fighters and activists become prime minister of India when the country became independent. Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 from a family originating from the Brahmin caste. His father was a lawyer and politician from khasmir living in Alahabad. Nehru was 16 years old went to England to school at Harrow and then Cambridge University.
Back to India in 1912 he joined the Indian National Congress, India's largest nationalist organization led by Mohandes K Gandhi in 1916. Between 1921 and 1945 he was jailed nine times by the British government for his activities for Indian independence. Akreab with the entire social spectrum of its dedicated Indian farmers Nehru came to the conclusion that India's political struggle must be directed towards social equality and eradicating poverty
In the late 1920s Nehru had grown into a youth leader who is more militant groups in India's national konres body. He established a joint Subas Chandra Bose, Indian independence League which is part of the congress. The young leaders urged Congress not to fight for full independence from Britain dominian status. To achieve this goal the civil disobedience movement launched in 1930 under the leadership of Gandhi and Nehru who became president of the congress. In 1930 Nehru's party set a new agenda that shows the influence of socialist ideology. In 1937, Nehru was again set up a joint planning committee konres Bose who is anticipating an economic program for his administration after India's independence day.
When World War II broke out, the British colonial government unilaterally declared that India is a country that must fight. Although in his heart had no desire to support the anti-fascist alliance, but Nehru agreed on a policy of non cooperation of Congress who decides * with the war effort. When an urgent mission Cripps India cooperation in exchange for independence after the war failed. Congress under Gandhi and Nehru launched a civil disobedience movement to another. Nehru re-arrested along with all the leaders of the Congress.
Although congressional leaders in prison, negotiating the transfer of power after the war is still running. A British cabinet mission plan proposes granting substantial autonomy to the provinces the majority of Muslims in the east and northwest India as diperjuangan by Muslim League leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah with.
Temporary provisional government led by Congress and the league is finally formed and Nehru was elected as the number one. But the Muslim League's mission cabinet rejected the proposal because Ali Jinnah Nehru considered a statement as evidence that Congress will deny treaty granting it broad autonomy. After widespread rioting broke out between Hindus and Muslims in 1946, Nehru and the Congress agreed on the division of India. Thus was born the two separate states of India and Pakistan. India itself remains one of the British state Commenwelth mainly at the insistence of Nehru.
In August 1947 after the British withdrew and India officially became self-governing dominion that Nehru was elected as prime minister even though the constituent assembly of India spawned a federal constitution for the new state but are most effective power in the hands of Nehru. It was he who actually determine policy in the country and overseas Indians in those days.
In the country, Nehru planned to implement economic development policy gives priority to large-scale industries and multipurpose projects. India's economy was designed as a mixed economy with a large portion of investment in the state sector based on the protective policy of import substitution and also restrictions on foreign investment. India's economic policy choices also accommodates Gandhi on a small scale handicraft industry state-subsidized. In its efforts to help close the huge industrialization Nehru both from the west and the Soviet Union.
Abroad, including Nehru dalah a policy initiator and non-bloc against what it thinks the rest of the rest of western colonialism. He visited China in hopes of building a special hubungna with that country and to raise five principles of coexistence. Together with Sukarno, Jamal Abdul Nasser, Josep Bros Tito and several other leaders he's known as one of the non-bloc countries. However, Nehru's policies often give birth that is considered anti-west, such as India and Pakistan concerning the dispute Khasmir broke into India-Pakistan war. Nehru's position on the world stage shocked when fighting on the border of China-India finally broke into the China-India war in 1962 ended with a humiliating defeat of the Indian army. Nehru was forced to ask for American aid and its position in the country is completely destroyed. He died on May 27, 1964 when the prominence is in decline, but his charisma remains alive in the eyes of the people of India and will always be known as one of the best statesmen of the 20th century.
