Mikhail Gorbachev was leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union opened the gates of democratization and reform of the Soviet Union to lead to the collapse of communist ideology in the superpower. He became a key figure of liberalization and the disintegration of the Soviet Union and communism in Eastern Europe. Gorbachev was born into a peasant family in the village Privol Russia `noye March 2, 1931. Highest level of education he received at Moscow University law faculty in 1950 and joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1952. He is married with Raisa Titarenko, philosophy student from Siberia in 1953.
Gorbachev's political career blazed through Kosomol organizations (the Communist Youth League). Position rose rapidly until 1971 he occupied the chair of the Central Committee and a member of the politburo PKUS PKUS month of October 1980 at the age of 49 years and a member of an elite circle PKUS.Saat youngest elected leader of the Soviet March 11, 1985, he raised his assistants from among the politicians young, and immediately make changes in the structure of power. He was a vigorous root out corruption, arrangement PKUS organization of people who are less competent. He also made strides anti al-alcohol consumption and overcome economic backwardness of the Soviet Union. In 1986, Gorbachev took the radical policy after frustration over bureaucratic resistance in the face it. He launched a program of perestroika (rebuilding) the economy and society. Openness and democratization must be done by the government, party and mass media. Gorbachev's policy is ultimately weaken the control of the Soviet Union's communist regime. Economic instability make the three Baltic republics Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania against the Soviet leadership. But the bigger challenge is coming from the Republic of the Russian population of over half the population of the Soviet Union. In 1990 Boris Yeltsin's loudest critics of Gorbachev was elected as chairman of the Russian parliament and the month of June 1991 was elected President of Russia.
Facing pressure from supporters nations, the dissolution of the Soviet Union was only a matter of time. Dated August 19, 1991 konservativ communist group held power coup against Gorbachev and declaring an emergency. Finally, Gorbachev resigned as general secretary of PKUS August 24. His efforts to form a joint federation and the transitional government failed. All members of the Soviet Union except Russia and Kazakhstan declared independence from the Soviet Union and came out in October. The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and states that the Soviet Union broke up and announced the formation of a loose alliance which they called the Union of Independent States. Gorbachev finally retreated from the president of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991.
After retiring from the post of president, Gorbachev remained active in the Gorbachev Foundation engaged in social, research, economic and politik.Gorbachev then compete in the Russian presidential election in 1996 but unable to compete with Boris Yeltsin. Gorbachev awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1990.
